Body Transformation or Body Dysmorphia?

It’s easy to get caught up in the perfectionism psyche when things are changing so quickly after bariatric surgery. You imagined yourself thin, fit and svelte, but really, you did not comprehend what it would be like to have hanging flesh on your body after you worked so hard for that body. Have you caught yourself thinking, “I just don’t like the way I look in the mirror,” while naked.  Today’s blog is about how to have a healthy mentality about your body after weight loss surgery, considerations for a reasonable time frame to pursue plastic surgery, recognizing unreasonable body image issues, understanding self harm, and working through those issues with a therapist, and stopping unproductive negative self talk.

In the case of the bariatric surgery patient, self acceptance has its limitations, but we must live with the understanding that a model perfect body isn’t going to happen. Where does the line get drawn in the sand between trying to achieve a figure that you can be happy with and living with an obsession with the knife?  It’s certainly possible for anyone to become addicted to ANYTHING. However, in the bariatric transformation from obese to healthy, thin, or slim, if money is no object: is there a such thing as an addiction to plastic surgery?  Better yet, is there room for concern about those members of the community who begin the journey of going under the knife?  Should professional psychologist and mental health professionals look at case history in order to determine if that person will be stable enough to withstand the psychological impacts of plastic surgery, or will it become obsessive?

There’s no way to screen for risk in this regard.  However, the question has been posed that maybe those with personality disorders with a history of cutting might take this journey to extremes.  Like I said, anything is possible with anyone, at any point in time.  Having unlimited resources to indulge in plastics, self harm in pursuit of perfection is certainly obvious with many mega-stars.  Michael Jackson certainly too it to an extreme if you think in terms of his numerous plastic surgeries and history of mental and psychological abuse, albeit extraordinarily talents, he brought it to the max.

Influenced by media, society’s expectations of a perfect body are skewed. We have to love ourselves, and under no uncertain terms should be not love our body, imperfections and all. An otherwise successful, yet dissatisfied bariatric patient’s excess skin removal, coupled with destructive behavior patterns are indicative of a more severe diagnosis of body dysmorphic disorder diagnosis, or even, pronounces issues of self harm included, going under the knife that could be indicative of a borderline personality disorder. How do can we tell the difference?

To identify behaviors as unhealthy and unproductive as a chronic mental illness, one must look at the client’s ability to control the obsessive negative thoughts, (i.e. you can't stop thinking about a flaw in your appearance — a flaw that is either minor or imagined) when your appearance seems so shameful that you don't want to be seen by anyone.  Body dysmorphic disorder is intensely obsessive, image and appearance are often thought about for many hours a day. The perception of your flaws causes you significant distress and has an impact on your ability to function in your daily life. If one seeks out numerous cosmetic procedures or excessively exercise to try to "fix" the perceived flaw but is never satisfied.

The three essential factors I would use to determine an unhealthy obsession with appearance (occupies more than 90 minutes a day, of persistent negative thoughts about self) body image issues, overanalyzes the perception of others on the individual (implied or stated), personality disorder, and GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning) Score.  Any client with a score below 65 on the scale would be of concern to me, as a clinician.

So, how do we define an unhealthy obsession with your body, perfectionism and surgical methods to alter one’s appearance?  Where do self harm/self injury, perfectionism, and personality disorder come into play here?  There’s a certain level of desperation that is a driving motivator to change, but when does it become a disorder?  That’s subjective.  However, there are some issues to consider when moving forward to the transformative body reconstructive surgeries.  A healthy cognition about when that should be done is essential. 

In my former journey with the Lapband, my mother pestered about my bat wings. I always said, “Let me get to my maintenance weight for two years, and then we’ll talk plastics.” Good thing I never got to that point, else when the band came out I and the slow path of my body fighting back with regain set in, I would have been a helluva messy rubber-banded skin.  If nothing, I am logical, methodical and grounded in my decision making—after 6 months, I knew that the Lapband had been a HUGE mistake. (That’s another post, I have been meaning to write out my Lapband trauma during hurricane Isaac for 10 months now, I owe the public that story. I want to tell it.  It’s just tough to tell it through the therapeutic lens while I’m still working out the details on revision, and I still don’t know when that can or will happen.)

My intentions with blog are to discuss the perfecta of concerns I have for the WLS community.  All of us are crazy, varying degrees of crazy, yes, but some have had more severe mental illness histories than others.  Analysis of previous history of self harm should not preclude patient disqualification, however certain support services should be available to those patients who find themselves forming harmful habits and/or destructive thinking patterns as the transformation of an obese body becomes slimmer.

Signs are inclusive but not limited to negative feelings or thoughts, depression, anxiety, tension, anger, generalized distress, self criticism, self injury, low mood, poor self confidence, preoccupation with dangerous behaviors, purposefully engaging in harmful acts, urges that cannot be distracted from or satisfied, negative/harm act results in pleasure, spending endless time alone in a room avoiding others, and/or 

disruptive influence on interpersonal, academic or other areas of life functioning. 

If you find yourself constantly thinking about these issues, you have options and alternatives.  While I it is important to work with a trained professional, keep in mind that developing hobbies and interesting that help to take the focus off of your dissatisfaction help to low your risk:

• Paint, draw, or scribble on a big piece of paper with red ink or paint
• Express your feelings in a journal
• Compose a poem or song to say what you feel
• Write down any negative feelings and then rip the paper up
• Listen to music that expresses what you’re feeling
• If you cut to calm and soothe yourself
• Take a bath or hot shower
• Pet or cuddle with a dog or cat
• Wrap yourself in a warm blanket
• Massage your neck, hands, and feet
• Listen to calming music
• Call a friend (you don’t have to talk about self-harm)
• Take a cold shower
• Hold an ice cube in the crook of your arm or leg
• Chew something with a very strong taste, like chili peppers, peppermint, or a grapefruit peel.
• Go online to a self-help website, chat room, or message board
• Exercise vigorously—run, dance, jump rope, or hit a punching bag
• Punch a cushion or mattress or scream into your pillow
• Squeeze a stress ball or squish Play-Doh or clay
• Rip something up (sheets of paper, a magazine)
• Make some noise (play an instrument, bang on pots and pans)
• Substitutes for the cutting sensation
• Use a red felt tip pen to mark where you might usually cut
• Rub ice across your skin where you might usually cut
• Put rubber bands on wrists, arms, or legs and snap them instead of cutting or hitting

Source: The Mental Health Foundation, UK

Professional treatment for cutting and self-harm

If your concern is for a loved one because you’ve noticed suspicious injuries or that person has confided to you that he or she is cutting, pulling, scraping or harming themselves in this way, whatever the case maybe, intervention is essential.  Speak respectfully, without blame, and in a calm tone.  Address the matter with an open mind and loving heart.  You are extending a hand to someone who is hurting on the inside.

Deal with your own feelings on the matter prior to the discussion, the shocked, confused, or even disgusted by self-harming behaviors—and guilty for your loved one’s distress can be helped by acknowledging how you feel about this person’s emotional distress. Make the first step by learning about the problem and overcome any discomfort by understanding why your friend or family member is self-injuring. This will help you to see the world from his or her eyes. Avoid judgment and criticisms it is likely the route of the problem, the person is coping with society’s judgment and expectations.  Find your loved one support and make your conversation productive.  Availability to listen and find help is a key to recovery.  Communicate with them as they seek support and intervention.  Above all, be kind to yourself and others when you speak about sensitive subjects. 

Ethics and Professionality in Bariatric Counseling

In the counseling profession, the code of ethics and responsibilities we have to keep confidentiality is a crucial element of our practice.  It's not an option, if we have a client who comes to see us, initially, we must explain to them what our code of ethics and our responsibility to them as a client is in the scope of confidentiality. 

What does all of that mean?

Simply put, if you are my client and I am seeing you in a therapeutic role and thereafter, I will always have an ethical obligation to you to minimize our contact outside of the counseling session, not disclose personal information about you as a client to anyone who you have not given me permission to discuss your case, and to always explain to you my position and role in and outside of the counseling session. Basically, if I see you at the grocery store, gym, church, school, etc, I will purposely avoid you.  If you say hello to me, I will say hello back and go about my business as I would had you not seen me.  I care about you enough to pretend to not know you to protect your privacy and not have any of your private issues potentially be discussed outside of the protected counseling environment.

I will always be upfront with my clients about my personal experience with bariatric surgery.  I cannot ethically, work in this field without telling my clients that I am a bariatric surgery patient.  My experience is not the same as other weight loss surgery patients' experiences.  I recognize and acknowledge that we all have our own reasons as to why we choose weight loss surgery as an assistive tool for us to lose weight. 

Some have major medical issues, others are preemptively electing to have surgery to prevent potential medical issues in the future.  I consider myself as part of the latter group that was anticipating that my health would decline in the long run due to excess weight.  I know that many clients are already suffering from painful, major medical issues and their reasoning behind their choice to undergo surgery maybe different from my own.

I will never use my role as a counselor to seek out my needs as a weight loss surgery patient.  I am in this field because I see a dire need for bariatric counseling in the process of long term after care.  Losing weight will not solve all of life's problems.  More often than not, the new issues are going to be challenging, changing and identifying of underlying problems that may not have been observed by "the cloak."  The cloak is all of the things we've hidden from addressing throughout our lives about what's bothering us on the inside.  What was it that made us turn to food in the first place.  How did we ignore or fail to understand our body's needs and limits?  Our internal ability to find satiation was skewed in some way.  Again, we are all different, each person is an individual and gaining this insight and understanding is crucial for adopting permanent healthy habits. 

Understanding the weight loss surgery community, online communications, and confidentiality, I will never identify in discuss a single person's experience or relay information regarding that person that could impact their life.  First and foremost, I do no harm.  I will never engage in, take sides with or include myself in the conversations that occur regarding a person's situation and/or the choices they make.  Quite frankly, I will acknowledge that talking amongst each other occurs, but as a counselor, I respect the privacy of others.  If someone seeks out help from me, they can be assured that I will take their trust in me seriously and apply my ethical standards to their confidence in me, no matter they be a paying client or an online contact asking for my help.  The only time I would ever breach confidentiality is if the person made me aware of their intention to harm themselves or someone else.  In taking any action, I will make that person aware of my duties prior to doing so and specifically know what that action is I must ethically take.

Also, as a counselor intern in the State of Louisiana, I cannot treat people who reside out of my state.  The practice of counseling must occur in the state, therefore unless I have established a face to face relationship with a client in the State of Louisiana, I will not work with a client through video conferencing mediums.  In email, I am limited in my ability to help and assist clients with their problems.  I will not offer advice but rather ask you how you can change your current situation or what it is you could do to move toward the progress you seek that you are not currently finding.  If I have the resources for professional mental health practitioners in your area, I will refer you to those resources.

This post is meant to be a documentation and clarification for everyone who I have met, become friends with, and come to know in the bariatric community.  It takes a long time to build confidence and rapport in a community. As a counselor intern in the mental health field, I want to establish clear and concise guidelines that show my clients and colleagues that I am aware of my role and responsibility to this community.   I may be seen as a newbie, but counseling is nothing new to me.  We are always learning, and we learn by doing.